Stone Age

1- The Early Stone Age in Africa began about 2.6 million years ago, when the ancestors of humans shaped the first large, handheld cutting tools of stone to carve the carcasses of animals. 

2- During the Middle Stone Age, from about 200,000 to 45,000 years ago, most of what is now the Sahara Desert was savanna; mountains held trees and grass, broad rivers , fish and herds of cattle were to be found everywhere .

3- However, between 6500 and 4000 B.C., the climate changed ; Sahara began to dry up. 

4- The rivers got smaller and disappeared; sand replaced grass; the forests perished causing cattle-herding societies to move southward, introducing domestic animals into sub-Saharan Africa. 

5- The development of economies based on livestock herding and farming marked the end of the Late Stone Age.

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★ Ancient Mesopotamia (5000 B.C)was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

★ Mesopotamia means "the land between the rivers" in Greek.

★ It is often called the "cradle of civilization" because Mesopotamia was the location of the world's first civilization.

★ The region today is called Iraq.

★ The earliest inhabitants of ancient Mesopotamia were called Sumerians.

★ The Sumerians had a very advanced culture and provided many technological advancements.

★ When a new people called the Amorites conquered Mesopotamia about 2000 B. c. , they founded a great new capital city of Babylon ; the area henceforth came to be known as Babylonia .

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