A pearl is mostly calcium carbonate, which is easily susceptible to even a weak acid solution. The crystals of calcium carbonate are converted by acetic acid (vinegar) into calcium, which dissolves in the residual water, and carbonate that escapes as bubbles of carbon dioxide.
The formula for which is
CaCO3 + CH3COOH ==> Ca + H2O + CO2.
Putting a bit of vinegar on a genuine pearl will make it bubble. Real pearls which are calcium carbonate, react to vinegar by producing bubbles. Fake pearls do not react to vinegar.
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